Due to the complexity of the neutron interaction processes with human tissues, neutron dosimetry is a challenge. There is no ideal neutron dosimeter. The strong energy dependence of the implied nuclear reactions compels to develop dosimetry systems whose response is adapted to the fluence-to-dose conversion factors. Neutron spectrometry and realistic Monte Carlo simulations are always key tools to obtain a good assessment of the dose. These elements are delineated in the refresher course, together with their application for both ambient and personal dosimetry.